The UK credit bureau bands (2026)
Experian (out of 999):
- 0–560: Very Poor — specialist lenders only.
- 561–720: Poor — specialist or adverse-tolerant lenders.
- 721–880: Fair — narrower mainstream choice, larger deposit helps.
- 881–960: Good — most mainstream lenders accept.
- 961–999: Excellent — best rates and broadest panel.
Equifax (out of 1000): Poor 0–438, Fair 439–530, Good 531–670, Very Good 671–810, Excellent 811–1000.
TransUnion (out of 710): Very Poor 0–550, Poor 551–565, Fair 566–603, Good 604–627, Excellent 628–710.
Why your 'score' isn't what the lender sees
The consumer score is a marketing product designed to be intuitive. Lenders care about the raw data behind it:
- Payment history on every active credit line (24-36 months back).
- Utilisation rate on revolving credit (cards, overdrafts).
- Number, age and type of credit accounts.
- Public records: defaults, CCJs, IVAs, bankruptcies.
- Search footprint (lots of recent applications = red flag).
- Electoral roll presence.
- Financial associations (joint accounts, joint mortgages).
Two people with identical Experian scores can get totally different mortgage outcomes if their underlying data tells different stories.
What 'good' looks like to a mortgage lender
- On the electoral roll at current address for 12+ months.
- 3+ years of credit history.
- 2+ active credit lines (e.g. credit card + mobile contract) with clean payment history.
- Utilisation under 30% of available credit limits.
- No missed payments in 12+ months (ideally 24+).
- No defaults, CCJs, IVAs or bankruptcies in last 6 years.
- Settled and closed accounts (not too many open ones).
- No more than 2–3 hard searches in last 6 months.
What 'poor' looks like to a mortgage lender
- Missed payments in last 12 months.
- Defaults registered in last 3 years.
- CCJ in last 3 years.
- Active IVA or DMP.
- High utilisation (80%+ on credit cards).
- Multiple recent hard searches.
- Not on electoral roll.
- Thin file (no credit history at all).
What you can do in 3–6 months pre-application
- Register on electoral roll. Free, fast, biggest single uplift.
- Pay down credit card balances to below 30% utilisation.
- Set up direct debits for all bills to avoid missed payments.
- Check all three credit files for errors and dispute them.
- Avoid new credit applications. Don't apply for cards, loans or even quotes that trigger hard searches.
- Stay at the same address. Stability matters.
- Close inactive accounts you don't use.
- Build credit if thin file — a credit-builder card used responsibly for 6 months.
Credit score vs deposit size — the trade-off
A 25% deposit can compensate for fair credit; a 10% deposit needs strong credit. Specialist adverse lenders typically require:
- 15% deposit for minor adverse (1–2 missed payments).
- 20% deposit for defaults/CCJs over 2 years old.
- 25%–30% deposit for recent adverse, active DMP, ex-bankrupt.
Pros
- Mortgage acceptance possible across virtually all credit profiles via the right lender.
- Consumer scores give a useful rough guide to lender appetite.
- Most improvements (electoral roll, utilisation) are free and fast.
- Specialist adverse lenders price recent issues fairly.
- Large deposit dramatically widens lender choice at any credit level.
Cons
- Consumer scores don't show the full picture lenders see.
- Single missed payment can knock you out of mainstream lenders.
- Multiple recent searches can stop a mortgage even with good underlying credit.
- Specialist rates are 1%–3% above mainstream.
- Thin-file applicants face mainstream rejection despite no adverse.