Why landlords combine SPV + HMO
- Tax efficiency. HMO yields (often 8%–12% gross) generate strong rental profits. Personal-name HMO landlords get hammered by Section 24. SPV gets full interest deduction.
- Corporation tax rate. 25% on profits over £50k (19% below). Higher-rate income tax: 40%/45%. The Ltd Co route can save thousands per year on a single HMO.
- Profit retention. HMO cashflow recycled into next deposit through retained corporate profits — faster portfolio growth.
- Estate planning. Shares in the SPV can be gifted to family using IHT-efficient structures.
2026 Ltd Co HMO rate landscape
- Small HMO (3–6 rooms), 75% LTV, 5-year fix: 6.00%–6.50%
- Large HMO (7+ rooms), 75% LTV, 5-year fix: 6.40%–6.90%
- First-time HMO Ltd Co: 6.60%–7.30%
- 80% LTV HMO: 6.80%–7.50%
- Arrangement fees: 2%–3% of loan
UK lenders for Ltd Co HMO mortgages
- Paragon — portfolio HMO specialist; sharp on experienced SPV landlords.
- Kent Reliance — flexible on first-time HMO Ltd Co, complex licensing.
- Foundation Home Loans — strong SPV HMO appetite; accepts FTB HMO at lower LTV.
- Landbay — automated SPV HMO; portfolio-friendly.
- Precise Mortgages — adverse-credit-tolerant SPV HMO.
- Vida Homeloans — recent-adverse and first-time HMO landlord cases.
- Aldermore — broad SPV HMO range.
- The Mortgage Works (TMW) — mainstream BTL with SPV HMO product line.
- Hampshire Trust Bank — semi-commercial and large HMO.
- InterBay — multi-unit blocks and large HMOs.
ICR on Ltd Co HMO — worked example
6-bed licensed HMO at £350,000 valuation. SPV mortgage at 75% LTV = £262,500. Rent £600/room × 6 = £3,600/month gross.
- Stressed interest at 7%: £262,500 × 7% ÷ 12 = £1,531
- ICR at 145%: required rent = £1,531 × 1.45 = £2,220
- Actual rent £3,600 — passes ICR with significant headroom.
- Allows further capital raising on remortgage if property appreciates.
SPV setup requirements
- Fresh-incorporated UK limited company with SIC code 68209 (or 68100 for buy-resale).
- No trading activity other than property.
- Directors with 20%+ shareholding give personal guarantees.
- Personal credit checks on all directors.
- Some lenders require minimum personal income £25k for directors.
- Some accept day-one SPV with no trading history; others want 6+ months.
HMO-specific lender requirements
- HMO licence (mandatory for 5+ tenants from 2+ households nationally).
- Additional/selective licensing where local council requires.
- Room sizes meeting minimum standards (6.51 sqm single, 10.22 sqm double).
- Fire safety compliance: interlinked alarms, fire doors, escape routes.
- EPC minimum E rating.
- Article 4 direction check (some councils restrict HMO conversion).
Tax case study: personal vs Ltd Co HMO
£40,000 net rental profit, higher-rate landlord:
- Personal name (post-S24): taxable on full £40k at 40% = £16,000 income tax. After 20% mortgage interest credit (say £12k interest × 20% = £2,400 credit). Net tax: £13,600. Take-home: £26,400.
- Ltd Co SPV: Corporation tax 19% on £40k = £7,600. After-tax retained: £32,400. Extracting £20k as dividend: dividend tax ~£1,750. Total tax: £9,350. Take-home £30,650 + £12,400 retained for next deposit.
SPV route saves ~£4,000+ a year on this single property, plus enables faster portfolio growth.
Costs of running an SPV HMO
- Company formation: £20.
- Annual accounts: £500–£1,500 (accountant fee).
- Corporation tax return: included in accountant fee.
- Confirmation statement filing: £34/year.
- Dividend administration if extracting profits.
Pros
- Full mortgage interest deductibility — avoids Section 24 hit.
- Corporation tax 19%–25% beats higher-rate income tax.
- HMO rental yields fund aggressive portfolio growth.
- Profits retained in SPV for next deposit.
- Multiple specialist UK lenders compete on Ltd Co HMO.
Cons
- Rates 0.50%–1.00% above vanilla BTL.
- Arrangement fees 2%–3% of loan.
- Annual accounting and tax-return costs £500–£1,500.
- Personal guarantees from directors required.
- Extracting profits triggers dividend tax.